MultiMediaCard Product Manual:The SanDisk MultiMediaCard is a very small, removable flash storage device, designed specifically for storage applications that put a premium on small form factor, low power and low cost. Flash is the ideal storage medium for portable, battery-powered devices. It features low power consumption and is non-volatile, requiring no power to maintain the stored data. It also has a wide operating range for temperature, shock and vibration.The MultiMediaCard is well suited to meet the needs of small, low power, electronic devices. With a form factor of 32mm by 24mm and 1.4mm thick, MultiMediaCards are expected to be used in a wide variety of portable devices like mobile phones, pagers and voice recorders. This ultra-small form factor is part of a new, emerging, proposed open standard.To support this wide range of applications, the MultiMediaCard protocol, a high performance seven pin serial interface, is designed for maximum scalability and configurability. All device and interface configuration data (such as maximum frequency, card identification, etc.) are stored on the card.The MultiMediaCard interface allows for easy integration into any design, regardless of microprocessor used. For compatibility with existing controllers, the MultiMediaCard offers, in addition to the MultiMediaCard interface, an alternate communication protocol, which is based on the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) standard.
The MultiMediaCard provides up to 128 million bytes of memory using SanDisk Flash memory chips, which were designed by SanDisk especially for use in mass storage applications. In addition to the mass storage specific flash memory chip, the MultiMediaCard includes an on-card intelligent controller which manages interface protocols and data storage and retrieval, as well as Error Correction Code (ECC) algorithms, defect handling and diagnostics, power management and clock control.

1. Introduction to the MultiMediaCard 1-1
1.1. Scope? 1-2
1.2. Product Models .. 1-2
1.3. System Features.. 1-2
1.4. MultiMediaCard Standard.. 1-3
1.5. Functional Description . 1-3
1.5.1. Flash Technology Independence? 1-4
1.5.2. Defect and Error Management? 1-4
1.5.3. Endurance. 1-4
1.5.4. Automatic Sleep Mode 1-5
1.5.5. Hot Insertion 1-5
1.5.6. MultiMediaCard Mode 1-5
1.5.6.1. MultiMediaCard Standard Compliance .. 1-5
1.5.6.2. Negotiating Operation Conditions . 1-5
1.5.7. Card Acquisition and Identification . 1-5
1.5.7.1. Card Status. 1-6
1.5.7.2. Memory Array Partitioning 1-6
1.5.7.3. Read and Write Operations? 1-8
1.5.7.4. Data Protection in the Flash Card .. 1-9
1.5.7.5. Erase.. 1-9
1.5.7.6. Write Protection .. 1-9
1.5.7.7. Copy Bit.. 1-9
1.5.7.8. The CSD Register .. 1-9
1.5.8. SPI Mode.. 1-10
1.5.8.1. Negotiating Operating Conditions . 1-10
1.5.8.2. Card Acquisition and Identification .. 1-10
1.5.8.3. Card Status. 1-10
1.5.8.4. Memory Array Partitioning 1-10
1.5.8.5. Read and Write Operations? 1-11
1.5.8.6. Data Transfer Rate . 1-11
1.5.8.7. Data Protection in the MultiMediaCard.. 1-11
1.5.8.8. Erase.. 1-11
1.5.8.9. Write Protection .. 1-11
2. Product Specifications? 2-1
2.1. System Environmental Specifications .. 2-1
2.2. Typical System Power Requirements 2-1
2.3. System Performance. 2-2
2.4. System Reliability and Maintenance . 2-2
2.5. Physical Specifications 2-2
3. MultiMediaCard Interface Description 3-1
3.1. Physical Description. 3-1
3.1.1. Pin Assignments in MultiMediaCard Mode. 3-1
3.1.2. Pin Assignments in SPI Mode. 3-1
3.2. MultiMediaCard Bus Topology .. 3-2
3.2.1. Power Protection? 3-3
3.3. SPI Bus Topology .. 3-3
3.3.1. Power Protection? 3-4
3.4. Electrical Interface . 3-4
3.4.1. Power-up .. 3-4
3.4.2. Bus Operating Conditions . 3-6
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3.4.3. Bus Signal Levels.. 3-7
3.4.4. Open-Drain Mode Bus Signal Level? 3-7
3.4.5. Push-pull Mode Bus Signal Level. 3-7
3.4.6. Bus Timing.. 3-8
3.5. MultiMediaCard Registers . 3-9
3.5.1. Operating Conditions Register (OCR)? 3-9
3.5.2. Card Identification (CID) Register 3-10
3.5.3. Card Specific Data (CSD) Register.. 3-11
3.5.4. Status Register 3-17
3.5.5. Relative Card Address (RCA) Register.. 3-19
3.5.6. MultiMediaCard Registers in SPI Mode? 3-19
3.6. File System Format? 3-19
4. MultiMediaCard Protocol Description? 4-1
4.1. Card Identification Mode? 4-2
4.1.1. Reset 4-2
4.1.2. Operating Voltage Range Validation .. 4-3
4.1.3. Card Identification Process .. 4-3
4.2. Data Transfer Mode 4-4
4.2.1. Data Read Format.. 4-5
4.2.2. Data Write Format. 4-6
4.2.3. CSD Programming? 4-7
4.2.4. Erase 4-7
4.2.5. Write Protect Management 4-7
4.2.6. Card Lock/Unlock Operation .. 4-8
4.2.6.1. Setting the Password . 4-9
4.2.6.2. Reset the Password? 4-9
4.2.6.3. Locking a Card. 4-9
4.2.6.4. Unlocking the Card? 4-10
4.2.6.5. Forcing Erase? 4-10
4.3. Clock Control .. 4-11
4.4. Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRC) .. 4-11
4.5. Error Conditions. 4-13
4.5.1. CRC and Illegal Command .. 4-13
4.5.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions 4-13
4.6. Commands. 4-14
4.6.1. Command Types? 4-14
4.6.2. Command Format.. 4-14
4.6.3. Command Classes . 4-14
4.6.4. Detailed Command Description . 4-15
4.7. Card State Transition Tables . 4-18
4.8. Responses.. 4-20
4.8.1. Data Response 4-21
4.9. Timings .. 4-21
4.9.1. Command and Response? 4-22
4.9.2. Data Read. 4-23
4.9.3. Data Write . 4-23
4.9.4. Timing Values. 4-25
5. SPI Mode.. 5-1
5.1. SPI Interface Concept 5-1
5.2. SPI Bus Topology .. 5-1
5.3. MultiMediaCard Registers in SPI Mode . 5-3
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5.4. SPI Bus Protocol . 5-3
5.4.1. Mode Selection.. 5-3
5.4.2. Bus Transfer Protection.. 5-4
5.4.3. Data Read. 5-4
5.4.4. Data Write . 5-6
5.4.5. Erase and Write Protect Management . 5-7
5.4.6. Read CID/CSD Registers .. 5-7
5.4.7. Reset Sequence.. 5-8
5.4.8. Clock Control .. 5-8
5.4.9. Error Conditions 5-8
5.4.9.1. CRC and Illegal Command 5-9
5.4.9.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions? 5-9
5.4.9.3. Read Ahead in Multiple Block Read Operation.. 5-9
5.4.10. Memory Array Partitioning 5-9
5.4.11. Card Lock/Unlock Operation? 5-10
5.5. SPI Mode Transaction Packets. 5-10
5.5.1. Command Format.. 5-10
5.5.1.1. Command Classes.. 5-10
5.5.1.2. Detailed Command Description.. 5-11
5.5.2. Responses. 5-13
5.5.2.1. Format R1 .. 5-13
5.5.2.2. Format R1b? 5-14
5.5.2.3. Busy .. 5-14
5.5.2.4. Format R2 .. 5-14
5.5.3. Format R3. 5-15
5.5.3.1. Data Response.. 5-15
5.5.4. Data Tokens . 5-16
5.5.5. Data Error Token 5-16
5.5.6. Clearing Status Bits.. 5-17
5.6. Card Registers . 5-18
5.7. SPI Bus Timing Diagrams.. 5-18
5.7.1. Command/Response. 5-18
5.7.1.1. Host Command to Card Response—Card is Ready.. 5-19
5.7.1.2. Host Command to Card Response—Card is Busy. 5-19
5.7.1.3. Card Response to Host Command . 5-19
5.7.2. Data Read. 5-19
5.7.2.1. Single Block Read.. 5-20
5.7.2.2. Multiple Block Read- Stop Transmission is Sent Between Blocks 5-20
5.7.2.3. Multiple Block Read-Stop Transmission is Sent Within a Block .. 5-20
5.7.2.4. Reading the CSD Register . 5-21
5.7.3. Data Write . 5-21
5.7.3.1. Single Block Write. 5-21
5.7.3.2. Multiple Block Write? 5-21
5.7.4. Timing Values. 5-22
5.8. SPI Electrical Interface. 5-22
5.9. SPI Bus Operating Conditions.. 5-22
5.10. Bus Timing. 5-22
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Appendix A. Ordering Information? A-1
Appendix B. Technical Support Services? B-1
Appendix C. SanDisk Worldwide Sales Offices . C-1
Appendix D. Limited Warranty.. D-1